April 23rd, 2015
More Ingredientsin a Cigarette &bull Acetanisole
&bull Acetic Acid
&bull Acetoin
&bull Acetophenone
&bull 6 Acetoxydihydrotheaspirane
&bull 2 Acetyl 3 Ethylpyrazine
&bull 2 Acetyl 5 Methylfuran
&bull Acetylpyrazine
&bull 2 Acetylpyridine
&bull 3 Acetylpyridine
&bull 2 Acetylthiazole
&bull Aconitic Acid
&bull dl Alanine
&bull Alfalfa Extract
&bull Allspice Extract,Oleoresin, and Oil
&bull Allyl Hexanoate
&bull Allyl Ionone
&bull Almond Bitter Oil
&bull Ambergris Tincture
&bull Ammonia
&bull Ammonium Bicarbonate
&bull Ammonium Hydroxide
&bull Ammonium Phosphate Dibasic
&bull Ammonium Sulfide
&bull Amyl Alcohol
&bull Amyl Butyrate
&bull Amyl Formate
&bull Amyl Octanoate
&bull alpha Amylcinnamaldehyde
&bull Amyris Oil
&bull trans Anethole
&bull Angelica Root Extract, Oil and Seed Oil
&bull Anise
&bull Anise Star, Extract and Oils
&bull Anisyl Acetate
&bull Anisyl Alcohol
&bull Anisyl Formate
&bull Anisyl Phenylacetate
&bull Apple Juice Concentrate, Extract, and Skins
&bull Apricot Extract and Juice Concentrate
&bull 1 Arginine
&bull Asafetida Fluid Extract And Oil
&bull Ascorbic Acid
&bull 1 Asparagine Monohydrate
&bull 1 Aspartic Acid
&bull Balsam Peru and Oil
&bull Basil Oil
&bull Bay Leaf, Oil and Sweet Oil
&bull Beeswax White
&bull Beet Juice Concentrate
&bull Benzaldehyde
&bull Benzaldehyde Glyceryl Acetal
&bull Benzoic Acid, Benzoin
&bull Benzoin Resin
&bull Benzophenone
&bull Benzyl Alcohol
&bull Benzyl Benzoate
&bull Benzyl Butyrate
&bull Benzyl Cinnamate
&bull Benzyl Propionate
&bull Benzyl Salicylate
&bull Bergamot Oil
&bull Bisabolene
&bull Black Currant Buds Absolute
&bull Borneol
&bull Bornyl Acetate
&bull Buchu Leaf Oil
&bull 1,3 Butanediol
&bull 2,3 Butanedione
&bull 1 Butanol
&bull 2 Butanone
&bull 4(2 Butenylidene) 3,5,5 Trimethyl 2 Cyclohexen 1 One
&bull Butter, Butter Esters, and Butter Oil
&bull Butyl Acetate
&bull Butyl Butyrate
&bull Butyl Butyryl Lactate
&bull Butyl Isovalerate
&bull Butyl Phenylacetate
&bull Butyl Undecylenate
&bull 3 Butylidenephthalide
&bull Butyric Acid
&bull Cadinene
&bull Caffeine
&bull Calcium Carbonate
&bull Camphene
&bull Cananga Oil
&bull Capsicum Oleoresin
&bull Caramel Color
&bull Caraway Oil
&bull Carbon Dioxide
&bull Cardamom Oleoresin, Extract, Seed Oil, and Powder
&bull Carob Bean and Extract
&bull beta Carotene
&bull Carrot Oil
&bull Carvacrol
&bull 4 Carvomenthenol
&bull 1 Carvone
&bull beta Caryophyllene
&bull beta Caryophyllene Oxide
&bull Cascarilla Oil and Bark Extract
&bull Cassia Bark Oil
&bull Cassie Absolute and Oil
&bull Castoreum Extract, Tincture and Absolute
&bull Cedar Leaf Oil
&bull Cedarwood Oil Terpenes and Virginiana
&bull Cedrol
&bull Celery Seed Extract, Solid, Oil, And Oleoresin
&bull Cellulose Fiber
&bull Chamomile Flower Oil And Extract
&bull Chicory Extract
&bull Chocolate
&bull Cinnamaldehyde
&bull Cinnamic Acid
&bull Cinnamon Leaf Oil, Bark Oil, and Extract
&bull Cinnamyl Acetate
&bull Cinnamyl Alcohol
&bull Cinnamyl Cinnamate
&bull Cinnamyl Isovalerate
&bull Cinnamyl Propionate
&bull Citral
&bull Citric Acid
&bull Citronella Oil
&bull dl Citronellol
&bull Citronellyl Butyrate
&bull itronellyl Isobutyrate
&bull Civet Absolute
&bull Clary Oil
&bull Clover Tops, Red Solid Extract
&bull Cocoa
&bull Cocoa Shells, Extract, Distillate And Powder
&bull Coconut Oil
&bull Coffee
&bull Cognac White and Green Oil
&bull Copaiba Oil
&bull Coriander Extract and Oil
&bull Corn Oil
&bull Corn Silk
&bull Costus Root Oil
&bull Cubeb Oil
&bull Cuminaldehyde
&bull para Cymene
&bull 1 Cysteine Dandelion Root Solid Extract
&bull Davana Oil
&bull 2 trans, 4 trans Decadienal
&bull delta Decalactone
&bull gamma Decalactone
&bull Decanal
&bull Decanoic Acid
&bull 1 Decanol
&bull 2 Decenal
&bull Dehydromenthofurolactone
&bull Diethyl Malonate
&bull Diethyl Sebacate
&bull 2,3 Diethylpyrazine
&bull Dihydro Anethole
&bull 5,7 Dihydro 2 Methylthieno(3,4 D) Pyrimidine
&bull Dill Seed Oil and Extract
&bull meta Dimethoxybenzene
&bull para Dimethoxybenzene
&bull 2,6 Dimethoxyphenol
&bull Dimethyl Succinate
&bull 3,4 Dimethyl 1,2 Cyclopentanedione
&bull 3,5 Dimethyl 1,2 Cyclopentanedione
&bull 3,7 Dimethyl 1,3,6 Octatriene
&bull 4,5 Dimethyl 3 Hydroxy 2,5
Dihydrofuran 2 One
&bull 6,10 Dimethyl 5,9 Undecadien
2 One
&bull 3,7 Dimethyl 6 Octenoic Acid
&bull 2,4 Dimethylacetophenone
&bull alpha,para Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol
&bull alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Acetate
&bull alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate
&bull 2,3 Dimethylpyrazine
&bull 2,5 Dimethylpyrazine
&bull 2,6 Dimethylpyrazine
&bull Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone
&bull delta Dodecalactone
&bull gamma Dodecalactone
&bull para Ethoxybenzaldehyde
&bull Ethyl 10 Undecenoate
&bull Ethyl 2 Methylbutyrate
&bull Ethyl Acetate
&bull Ethyl Acetoacetate
&bull Ethyl Alcohol
&bull Ethyl Benzoate
&bull Ethyl Butyrate
&bull Ethyl Cinnamate
&bull Ethyl Decanoate
&bull Ethyl Fenchol
&bull Ethyl Furoate
&bull Ethyl Heptanoate
&bull Ethyl Hexanoate
&bull Ethyl Isovalerate
&bull Ethyl Lactate
&bull Ethyl Laurate
&bull Ethyl Levulinate
&bull Ethyl Maltol
&bull Ethyl Methyl Phenylglycidate
&bull Ethyl Myristate
&bull Ethyl Nonanoate
&bull Ethyl Octadecanoate
&bull Ethyl Octanoate
&bull Ethyl Oleate
&bull Ethyl Palmitate
&bull Ethyl Phenylacetate
&bull Ethyl Propionate
&bull Ethyl Salicylate
&bull Ethyl trans 2 Butenoate
&bull Ethyl Valerate
&bull Ethyl Vanillin
&bull 2 Ethyl (or Methyl) (3,5 and 6) Methoxypyrazine
&bull 2 Ethyl 1 Hexanol, 3 Ethyl 2
Hydroxy 2 Cyclopenten 1 One
&bull 2 Ethyl 3, (5 or 6) Dimethylpyrazine
&bull 5 Ethyl 3 Hydroxy 4 Methyl 2 (5H) Furanone
&bull 2 Ethyl 3 Methylpyrazine
&bull 4 Ethylbenzaldehyde
&bull 4 Ethylguaiacol
&bull para Ethylphenol
&bull 3 Ethylpyridine
&bull Eucalyptol
&bull Farnesol
&bull D Fenchone
&bull Fennel Sweet Oil
&bull Fenugreek, Extract, Resin, and Absolute
&bull Fig Juice Concentrate
&bull Food Starch Modified
&bull Furfuryl Mercaptan
&bull 4 (2 Furyl) 3 Buten 2 One
&bull Galbanum Oil
&bull Genet Absolute
&bull Gentian Root Extract
&bull Geraniol
&bull Geranium Rose Oil
&bull Geranyl Acetate
&bull Geranyl Butyrate
&bull Geranyl Formate
&bull Geranyl Isovalerate
&bull Geranyl Phenylacetate
&bull Ginger Oil and Oleoresin
&bull 1 Glutamic Acid
&bull 1 Glutamine
&bull Glycerol
&bull Glycyrrhizin Ammoniated
&bull Grape Juice Concentrate
&bull Guaiac Wood Oil
&bull Guaiacol
&bull Guar Gum
&bull 2,4 Heptadienal
&bull gamma Heptalactone
&bull Heptanoic Acid
&bull 2 Heptanone
&bull 3 Hepten 2 One
&bull 2 Hepten 4 One
&bull 4 Heptenal
&bull trans 2 Heptenal
&bull Heptyl Acetate
&bull omega 6 Hexadecenlactone
&bull gamma Hexalactone
&bull Hexanal
&bull Hexanoic Acid
&bull 2 Hexen 1 Ol
&bull 3 Hexen 1 Ol
&bull cis 3 Hexen 1 Yl Acetate
&bull 2 Hexenal
&bull 3 Hexenoic Acid
&bull trans 2 Hexenoic Acid
&bull cis 3 Hexenyl Formate
&bull Hexyl 2 Methylbutyrate
&bull Hexyl Acetate
&bull Hexyl Alcohol
&bull Hexyl Phenylacetate
&bull 1 Histidine
&bull Honey
&bull Hops Oil
&bull Hydrolyzed Milk Solids
&bull Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins
&bull 5 Hydroxy 2,4 Decadienoic Acid delta Lactone
&bull 4
Hydroxy 2,5 Dimethyl 3(2H) Furanone
&bull 2 Hydroxy 3,5,5 Trimethyl 2 Cyclohexen 1 One
&bull 4 Hydroxy 3 Pentenoic Acid Lactone
&bull 2 Hydroxy 4 Methylbenzaldehyde
&bull 4 Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone
&bull Hydroxycitronellal
&bull 6 Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane
&bull 4 (para Hydroxyphenyl) 2 Butanone
&bull Hyssop Oil
&bull Immortelle Absolute and Extract
&bull alpha Ionone
&bull beta Ionone
&bull alpha Irone
&bull Isoamyl Acetate
&bull Isoamyl Benzoate
&bull Isoamyl Butyrate
&bull Isoamyl Cinnamate
&bull Isoamyl Formate, IsoamylHexanoate
&bull Isoamyl Isovalerate
&bull Isoamyl Octanoate
&bull Isoamyl Phenylacetate
&bull Isobornyl Acetate
&bull Isobutyl Acetate
&bull Isobutyl Alcohol
&bull Isobutyl Cinnamate
&bull Isobutyl Phenylacetate
&bull Isobutyl Salicylate
&bull 2 Isobutyl 3 Methoxypyrazine
&bull alpha Isobutylphenethyl Alcohol
&bull Isobutyraldehyde
&bull Isobutyric Acid
&bull d,l Isoleucine
&bull alpha Isomethylionone
&bull 2 Isopropylphenol
&bull Isovaleric Acid
&bull Jasmine Absolute, Concrete and Oil
&bull Kola Nut Extract
&bull Labdanum Absolute and Oleoresin
&bull Lactic Acid
&bull Lauric Acid
&bull Lauric Aldehyde
&bull Lavandin Oil
&bull Lavender Oil
&bull Lemon Oil and Extract
&bull Lemongrass Oil
&bull 1 Leucine
&bull Levulinic Acid
&bull Licorice Root, Fluid, Extract
and Powder
&bull Lime Oil
&bull Linalool
&bull Linalool Oxide
&bull Linalyl Acetate
&bull Linden Flowers
&bull Lovage Oil And Extract
&bull 1 Lysine
&bull Mace Powder, Extract and Oil
&bull Magnesium Carbonate
&bull Malic Acid
&bull Malt and Malt Extract
&bull Maltodextrin
&bull Maltol
&bull Maltyl Isobutyrate
&bull Mandarin Oil
&bull Maple Syrup and Concentrate
&bull Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil
&bull para Mentha 8 Thiol 3 One
&bull Menthol
&bull Menthone
&bull Menthyl Acetate
&bull dl Methionine
&bull Methoprene
&bull 2 Methoxy 4 Methylphenol
&bull 2 Methoxy 4 Vinylphenol
&bull para Methoxybenzaldehyde
&bull 1 (para Methoxyphenyl) 1 Penten 3 One
&bull 4 (para Methoxyphenyl) 2 Butanone
&bull 1 (para Methoxyphenyl) 2 Propanone
&bull Methoxypyrazine
&bull Methyl 2 Furoate
&bull Methyl 2 Octynoate
&bull Methyl 2 Pyrrolyl Ketone
&bull Methyl Anisate
&bull Methyl Anthranilate
&bull Methyl Benzoate
&bull Methyl Cinnamate
&bull Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
&bull Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially Hydrogenated
&bull Methyl Isovalerate
&bull Methyl Linoleate (48%)
&bull Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture
&bull Methyl Naphthyl Ketone
&bull Methyl Nicotinate
&bull Methyl Phenylacetate
&bull Methyl Salicylate
&bull Methyl Sulfide
&bull 3 Methyl 1 Cyclopentadecanone
&bull 4 Methyl 1 Phenyl 2 Pentanone
&bull 5 Methyl 2 Phenyl 2 Hexenal
&bull 5 Methyl 2 Thiophene carboxaldehyde
&bull 6 Methyl 3, 5 Heptadien 2 One
&bull 2 Methyl 3 (para Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde
&bull 5 Methyl 3 Hexen 2 One
&bull 1 Methyl 3Methoxy 4 Isopropylbenzene
&bull 4 Methyl 3 Pentene 2 One
&bull 2 Methyl 4 Phenylbutyraldehyde
&bull 6 Methyl 5 Hepten 2 One
&bull 4 Methyl 5 Thiazoleethanol
&bull 4 Methyl 5 Vinylthiazole
&bull Methyl alpha Ionone
&bull Methyl trans 2 Butenoic Acid
&bull 4 Methylacetophenone
&bull para Methylanisole
&bull alpha Methylbenzyl Acetate
&bull alpha Methylbenzyl Alcohol
&bull 2 Methylbutyraldehyde
&bull 3 Methylbutyraldehyde
&bull 2 Methylbutyric Acid
&bull alpha Methylcinnamaldehyde
&bull Methylcyclopentenolone
&bull 2 Methylheptanoic Acid
&bull 2 Methylhexanoic Acid
&bull 3 Methylpentanoic Acid
&bull 4 Methylpentanoic Acid
&bull 2 Methylpyrazine
&bull 5 Methylquinoxaline
&bull 2 Methyltetrahydrofuran 3 One
&bull (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers)
&bull 3 Methylthiopropionaldehyde
&bull Methyl 3 Methylthiopropionate
&bull 2 Methylvaleric Acid
&bull Mimosa Absolute and Extract
&bull Molasses Extract and Tincture
&bull Mountain Maple Solid Extract
&bull Mullein Flowers
&bull Myristaldehyde
&bull Myristic Acid
&bull Myrrh Oil
&bull beta Napthyl Ethyl Ether
&bull Nerol
&bull Neroli Bigarde Oil
&bull Nerolidol
&bull Nona 2 trans,6 cis Dienal
&bull 2,6 Nonadien 1 Ol
&bull gamma Nonalactone
&bull Nonanal
&bull Nonanoic Acid
&bull Nonanone
&bull trans 2 Nonen 1 Ol
&bull 2 Nonenal
&bull Nonyl Acetate
&bull Nutmeg Powder and Oil
&bull Oak Chips Extract and Oil
&bull Oak Moss Absolute
&bull 9,12 Octadecadienoic Acid (48%)
And 9,12,15 Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%)
&bull delta Octalactone
&bull gamma Octalactone
&bull Octanal
&bull Octanoic Acid
&bull 1 Octanol
&bull 2 Octanone
&bull 3 Octen 2 One
&bull 1 Octen 3 Ol
&bull 1 Octen 3 Yl Acetate
&bull 2 Octenal
&bull Octyl Isobutyrate
&bull Oleic Acid
&bull Olibanum Oil
&bull Opoponax Oil And Gum
&bull Orange Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf Absolute
&bull Orange Oil and Extract
&bull Origanum Oil
&bull Orris Concrete Oil and Root
Extract
&bull Palmarosa Oil
&bull Palmitic Acid
&bull Parsley Seed Oil
&bull Patchouli Oil
&bull omega Pentadecalactone
&bull 2,3 Pentanedione
&bull 2 Pentanone
&bull 4 Pentenoic Acid
&bull 2 Pentylpyridine
&bull Pepper Oil, Black And White
&bull Peppermint Oil
&bull Peruvian (Bois De Rose) Oil
&bull Petitgrain Absolute, Mandarin Oil and Terpeneless Oil
&bull alpha Phellandrene
&bull 2 Phenenthyl Acetate
&bull Phenenthyl Alcohol
&bull Phenethyl Butyrate
&bull Phenethyl Cinnamate
&bull Phenethyl Isobutyrate
&bull Phenethyl Isovalerate
&bull Phenethyl Phenylacetate
&bull Phenethyl Salicylate
&bull 1 Phenyl 1 Propanol
&bull 3 Phenyl 1 Propanol
&bull 2 Phenyl 2 Butenal
&bull 4 Phenyl 3 Buten 2 Ol
&bull 4 Phenyl 3 Buten 2 One
&bull Phenylacetaldehyde
&bull Phenylacetic Acid
&bull 1 Phenylalanine
&bull 3 Phenylpropionaldehyde
&bull 3 Phenylpropionic Acid
&bull 3 Phenylpropyl Acetate
&bull 3 Phenylpropyl Cinnamate
&bull 2 (3 Phenylpropyl)Tetrahydrofuran
&bull Phosphoric Acid
&bull Pimenta Leaf Oil
&bull Pine Needle Oil, Pine Oil, Scotch
&bull Pineapple Juice Concentrate
&bull alpha Pinene, beta Pinene
&bull D Piperitone
&bull Piperonal
&bull Pipsissewa Leaf Extract
&bull Plum Juice
&bull Potassium Sorbate
&bull 1 Proline
&bull Propenylguaethol
&bull Propionic Acid
&bull Propyl Acetate
&bull Propyl para Hydroxybenzoate
&bull Propylene Glycol
&bull 3 Propylidenephthalide
&bull Prune Juice and Concentrate
&bull Pyridine
&bull Pyroligneous Acid And Extract
&bull Pyrrole
&bull Pyruvic Acid
&bull Raisin Juice Concentrate
&bull Rhodinol
&bull Rose Absolute and Oil
&bull Rosemary Oil
&bull Rum
&bull Rum Ether
&bull Rye Extract
&bull Sage, Sage Oil, and Sage
Oleoresin
&bull Salicylaldehyde
&bull Sandalwood Oil, Yellow
&bull Sclareolide
&bull Skatole
&bull Smoke Flavor
&bull Snakeroot Oil
&bull Sodium Acetate
&bull Sodium Benzoate
&bull Sodium Bicarbonate
&bull Sodium Carbonate
&bull Sodium Chloride
&bull Sodium Citrate
&bull Sodium Hydroxide
&bull Solanone
&bull Spearmint Oil
&bull Styrax Extract, Gum and Oil
&bull Sucrose Octaacetate
&bull Sugar Alcohols
&bull Sugars
&bull Tagetes Oil
&bull Tannic Acid
&bull Tartaric Acid
&bull Tea Leaf and Absolute
&bull alpha Terpineol
&bull Terpinolene
&bull Terpinyl Acetate
&bull 5,6,7,8 Tetrahydroquinoxaline
&bull 1,5,5,9 Tetramethyl 13 Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane
&bull 2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6
Tetramethylethyl Cyclo
hexanone
&bull 2,3,5,6 Tetramethylpyrazine
&bull Thiamine Hydrochloride
&bull Thiazole
&bull 1 Threonine
&bull Thyme Oil, White and Red
&bull Thymol
&bull Tobacco Extracts
&bull Tochopherols (mixed)
&bull Tolu Balsam Gum and Extract
&bull Tolualdehydes
&bull para Tolyl 3 Methylbutyrate
&bull para Tolyl Acetaldehyde
&bull para Tolyl Acetate
&bull para Tolyl Isobutyrate
&bull para Tolyl Phenylacetate
&bull Triacetin
&bull 2 Tridecanone
&bull 2 Tridecenal
&bull Triethyl Citrate
&bull 3,5,5 Trimethyl 1 Hexanol
&bull para,alpha,alpha Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol
&bull 4 (2,6,6 Trimethylcyclohex 1
Enyl)But 2 En 4 One
&bull 2,6,6 Trimethylcyclohex 2
Ene 1,4 Dione
&bull 2,6,6 Trimethylcyclohexa 1,
3 Dienyl Methan
&bull 4 (2,6,6 Trimethylcyclohexa 1,
3 Dienyl)But 2 En 4 One
&bull 2,2,6 Trimethylcyclohexanone
&bull 2,3,5 Trimethylpyrazine
&bull 1 Tyrosine
&bull delta Undercalactone
&bull gamma Undecalactone
&bull Undecanal
&bull 2 Undecanone, 1
&bull 0 Undecenal
&bull Urea
&bull Valencene
&bull Valeraldehyde
&bull Valerian Root Extract, Oil
and Powder
&bull Valeric Acid
&bull gamma Valerolactone
&bull Valine
&bull Vanilla Extract And Oleoresin
&bull Vanillin
&bull Veratraldehyde
&bull Vetiver Oil
&bull Vinegar
&bull Violet Leaf Absolute
&bull Walnut Hull Extract
&bull Water
&bull Wheat Extract And Flour
&bull Wild Cherry Bark Extract
&bull Wine and Wine Sherry
&bull Xanthan Gum
&bull 3,4 Xylenol
&bull Yeast
Drugfacts: cigarettes and other tobacco products
Cigarettes online Blog Archive Illegal cigarette truck shipping ring busted by new york authorities
Cigarette smoking accounts for about one third of all cancers, including 90 percent of lung cancer cases. Smokeless tobacco (such as chewing tobacco and snuff) also increases the risk of cancer, especially oral cancers. In addition to cancer, smoking causes lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema, and increases the risk of heart disease, including stroke, heart attack, vascular disease, and aneurysm. Smoking has also been linked to leukemia, cataracts, and pneumonia.4 5 On average, adults who smoke die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.1
Although nicotine is addictive and can be toxic if ingested in high doses, it does not cause cancer other chemicals are responsible for most of the severe health consequences of tobacco use. Tobacco smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals such as carbon monoxide, tar, formaldehyde, cyanide, and ammonia many of which are known carcinogens. Carbon monoxide increases the chance of cardiovascular diseases. Tar exposes the user to an increased risk of lung cancer, emphysema, and bronchial disorders.
Pregnant women who smoke cigarettes run an increased risk of miscarriage, stillborn or premature infants, or infants with low birthweight.5 Maternal smoking may also be associated with learning and behavioral problems in children. Smoking more than one pack of cigarettes per day during pregnancy nearly doubles the risk that the affected child will become addicted to tobacco if that child starts smoking.6
While we often think of medical consequences that result from direct use of tobacco products, passive or secondary smoke also increases the risk for many diseases. Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, consists of exhaled smoke and smoke given off by the burning end of tobacco products.
Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at home or work increase their risk of developing heart disease by 25 30 percent and lung cancer by 20 30 percent.7 In addition secondhand smoke causes health problems in both adults and children, such as coughing, overproduction of phlegm, reduced lung function and respiratory infections, including pneumonia and bronchitis.. Each year about 150,000 300,000 children younger than 18 months old experience respiratory tract infections caused by secondhand smoke.7 Children exposed to secondhand smoke are at an increased risk of ear infections, severe asthma, respiratory infections and death. In fact, more than 100,000 babies have died in the past 50 years from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and other health complications as a result of parental smoking.8 Children who grow up with parents who smoke are more likely to become smokers, thus placing themselves (and their future families) at risk for the same health problems as their parents when they become adults.
Although quitting can be difficult, the health benefits of smoking cessation are immediate and substantial including reduced risk for cancers, heart disease, and stroke. A 35 year old man who quits smoking will, on average, increase his life expectancy by 5 years.9
Are There Effective Treatments for Tobacco Addiction?
Tobacco addiction is a chronic disease that often requires multiple attempts to quit. Although some smokers are able to quit without help, many others need assistance. Both behavioral interventions (counseling) and medication can help smokers quit but the combination of medication with counseling is more effective than either alone.
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has established a national toll free quitline, 800 QUIT NOW, to serve as an access point for any smoker seeking information and assistance in quitting. NIDA s scientists are looking at ways to make smoking cessation easier by developing tools to make behavioral support available over the internet or through text based messaging. In addition, NIDA is developing strategies designed to help vulnerable or hard to reach populations quit smoking.
Behavioral Treatments
Behavioral treatments employ a variety of methods to help smokers quit, ranging from self help materials to counseling. These interventions teach people to recognize high risk situations and develop coping strategies to deal with them.
Nicotine Replacement Treatments
Nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) were the first pharmacological treatments approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in smoking cessation therapy. Current FDA approved NRT products include nicotine chewing gum, the nicotine transdermal patch, nasal sprays, inhalers, and lozenges. NRTs deliver a controlled dose of nicotine to a smoker in order to relieve withdrawal symptoms during the smoking cessation process. They are most successful when used in combination with behavioral treatments.
Other Medications
Bupropion and varenicline are two FDA approved non nicotine medications that have helped people quit smoking. Bupropion, a medication that goes by the trade name Zyban, was approved by the FDA in 1997, and Varenicline tartrate (trade name Chantix) was approved in 2006. It targets nicotine receptors in the brain, easing withdrawal symptoms and blocking the effects of nicotine if people resume smoking.
Current Treatment Research
Scientists are currently developing new smoking cessation therapies. For example, they are working on a nicotine vaccine, which would block nicotine s reinforcing effects by causing the immune system to bind to nicotine in the bloodstream preventing it from reaching the brain. In addition, some medications already in use might work better if they are used together. Scientists are looking for ways to target several relapse symptoms at the same time like withdrawal, craving and depression.
How Widespread Is Tobacco Use? Monitoring the Future Survey
Current smoking rates among 8th , 10th , and 12th grade students reached an all time low in 2014. According to the Monitoring the Future survey, 4.0 percent of 8th graders, 7.2 percent of 10th graders, and 13.6 percent of 12th graders reported they had used cigarettes in the past month. Although unacceptably high numbers of youth continue to smoke, these numbers represent a significant decrease from peak smoking rates (21 percent in 8th graders, 30 percent in 10th graders, and 37 percent in 12th graders) that were reached in the late 1990s.
The use of hookahs has also remained steady at high levels since its inclusion in the survey in 2010 past year use was reported by 22.9 percent of high school seniors. Meanwhile, past year use of small cigars has declined since 2010 yet remains high with 18.9 percent of 12th graders reporting past year use. Past month use of smokeless tobacco in 2014 was reported by 3.0 percent of 8th graders, 5.3 percent of 10th graders, and 8.4 percent of 12th graders.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)
In 2013, 25.5 percent of the U.S. population age 12 and older used a tobacco product at least once in the month prior to being interviewed. This figure includes 2 million young people aged 12 to 17 (7.8 percent of this age group). In addition, almost 55.8 million Americans (21.3 percent of the population) were current cigarette smokers 12.4 million smoked cigars more than 8.8 million used smokeless tobacco and over 2.3 million smoked tobacco in pipes.
Learn More
For additional information on tobacco abuse and addiction, please visit
For more information on how to quit smoking, please visit
Data Sources
These data are from the 2014 Monitoring the Future survey, funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and conducted annually by the University of Michigan s Institute for Social Research. The survey has tracked 12th graders illicit drug use and related attitudes since 1975 in 1991, 8th and 10th graders were added to the study.
NSDUH (formerly known as the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) is an annual survey of Americans aged 12 and older conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and H
uman Services. This survey is available on line at
References
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and Tobacco Use Fast Facts. /
data statistics/fact sheets/fast facts/ #toll. Updated April 2014. Accessed December 12, 2014. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vital Signs Nonsmokers’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke United States, 1999 2008. MMWR. 2010 59(35) 1141 1466. Accessed December 12, 2014.
- Cao J, Belluzzi JD, Loughlin SE, Keyler DE, Pentel PR, Leslie FM. Acetaldehyde, a major constituent of tobacco smoke, enhances behavioral, endocrine and neuronal responses to nicotine in adolescent and adult rats. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007 32(9) 2025 2035.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Health Consequences of Smoking What It Means to You, 2004.
/pdfs/ Accessed December 12, 2014. - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and Tobacco Use Health Effects of Cigarette Smoking. /
health effects/effects cig smoking/ Updated February 2014. Accessed December 12, 2014. - Buka SL, Shenassa ED, Niaura R. Elevated risk of tobacco dependence among offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy A 30 year prospective study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 160 1978 1984.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking and Tobacco Use Secondhand Smoke (SHS) Facts. /
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